Women in UK Venture Capital

Ada Ventures is leading a new movement in VC. We find and fund the founders of the future, investing in the best, not just the best-connected.

We invest in purpose-led founders building for markets that are large, untapped and growing. Our approach drives outperformance. We call it Inclusive Alpha®.

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According to 2023 data from European Women in VC, the financial performance of European VC funds increases with higher representation of women in senior management teams. VC funds managed by mixed teams also show a higher annual internal rate of return (IRR). Management teams mostly composed of women outperform men-only teams by 9.3 percentage points.

Initiatives like the Investing in Women Code are tackling an urgent problem. Despite the compelling logic for investing in more diverse founders, the 2019 British Business Bank study “UK VC and Female Founders” reported that 89p in every £1 invested went to all-male teams. Entrepreneurs with disabilities were 400 times less likely to receive VC funding. In 2022, funding for Black founders fell by 45%.

Inclusive strategies lead to better returns. According to a Kauffman Fellows 2020 report, founders with greater diversity in terms of gender and ethnicity achieve 30% higher returns for investors upon exit than their white male counterparts.  Having diverse investors at the VC level leads to funding more diverse teams and founders.  But while VC firm Code signatories have to provide data on the companies in which they invest, there is no similar requirement for the investors in venture capital funds, known as “limited partners” (LPs). LPs include pension funds, university endowments, government-backed funds like the British Business Bank and private investors (such as family offices). Venture capital funds—and therefore LPs—are responsible for funding seven of the ten most valuable companies in the world. Products built by venture (and therefore LP) backed companies reach billions of people every day.

This report also highlights an important “diversity washing” tactic to enhance the appearance of senior women in funds. We have studied the difference between the number of individuals who are named as “senior” and those that have ownership of the management company (and therefore access the significant economics in the fund and have the majority of the power to make decisions).

So, what are we proposing? The LP community needs to be far more transparent. Particularly LPs that are publicly funded. LPs should report the gender breakdown of the funds where their capital is being invested themselves - regularly and openly. They should sign the Investing in Women Code which has proven to be effective in getting more funding to diverse founders since it launched in 2019.13 Capturing data can make a seismic difference and influence policy to catalyse action and move billions of pounds in capital. At Ada Ventures, we are a fund 50% owned by women. We have recently launched Inclusive Alpha® our manifesto describing our approach to generating best in class returns by investing in an inclusive way. We hope that this report further catalyses change in the VC industry and encourages more LPs to subscribe to the Inclusive Alpha® approach. This report would not have been possible without the work of a small, passionate team of volunteers. Thank you so much to Sam Ettelaie, Jemima Maunder-Taylor, Christian John Rojo, Diarra Smith, David Haughton, Ladi Greenstreet, Sarah Millar and the Diversity VC team. Thank you also to our partners Google Cloud, MNAI, Total Data Services and all the contributors who provided us with comments and feedback.

Check Warner, MBE
Co-founding Partner at Ada Ventures

Ecosystem graphic

Key Findings

38% graphic

Women make up 38% of the total VC labour force.

Covers the 1,759 individuals who worked at a UK-domiciled VC fund that raised between 2017-2023.
22% women with leadership title graph

Women make up 22% of those with a leadership title 
(‘Partner’, ‘Founder’, ‘General Partner’, ‘Managing Partner’, etc.).

Funds closing 2017-2023.
17.7% of women have significant ownership

Only 23 women have significant ownership in management companies that raised a fund between 2017-2023 (17.7%).

women are better represented at senior roles in mixed and women-led funds

In mixed-led and women-led funds, women are better represented at senior roles.

3x smaller graph

Funds raised by all-women-owned management companies were 3x smaller than all-men-owned management companies between 2017-2023.

10.3x more capital graph

All-men-owned management companies raised 10.3x more capital than all-women-owned management companies between 2017-2023.

Just 7p every pound raised goes to 
all-women-owned management companies

Just 7p every pound raised goes to all-women-owned management companies.

Recommendations

1

LPs should sign up to the Investing in Women Code and make concrete commitments (ideally in the form of goals) to fund more diverse GPs. In addition, more funding and resources should be allocated to support the development and expansion of the Investing in Women Code.

2

LPs should take actions to improve the diversity of their pipelines to ensure they are seeing more diverse managers in the future. For example, designing, supporting or funding a diverse fund manager accelerator programme.

3

LPs should implement a gender pay and carried interest benchmarking exercise where GPs are asked to share their gender and ethnicity pay and carried interest gaps. This data should be reviewed by LPs and GPs when deciding on future fund investments. Those firms with persistent gaps in gender pay and carried interest  should not receive future funding.

4

LPs should ask specific due diligence questions about the ownership of funds split by gender - the management company, the carried interest and the investment committee.

5

LPs should consider removing or reducing the need for the “GP Commit” of 2-10% of capital for diverse fund managers.

6

The FCA and the Treasury should set a target that the venture capital industry should have at least 25% female representation in significant ownership positions and on investment committees by 2030.

7

The Department for Business and Trade and The Treasury should explore allocating an additional £500m in funding to the British Business Bank to design an appropriate intervention to address the lack of diversity in VC fund management.

8

The Department for Business and Trade and The Treasury should mandate that any Defined Contribution Pension funding going to VC funds has a minimum allocation to diverse fund managers.

Recommendation for The Department for Business and Trade and The Treasury in Partnership with the British Business Bank:

“British Business Bank’s Regional Angels programme helps address regional imbalances in early-stage equity. This programme can invest in funds that are £10m or less and has a different risk profile to the organisation’s other LP programmes. I recommend the launch of a Diverse GPs in VC Programme using the Regional Angels programmes framework. This programme would focus on promoting diversity within the VC sector by reducing the entry barriers for diverse GPs.“British Business Bank’s Regional Angels programme helps address regional imbalances in early-stage equity. This programme can invest in funds that are £10m or less and has a different risk profile to the organisation’s other LP programmes. I recommend the launch of a Diverse GPs in VC Programme using the Regional Angels programmes framework. This programme would focus on promoting diversity within the VC sector by reducing the entry barriers for diverse GPs.

“Canada and Germany have led the way in establishing Funds of Funds that are explicitly investing in funds that are owned and controlled by woman fund managers. Most recently KfW Capital in Germany has allocated 200m EUR to funds with management teams that are 1/3rd woman / non binary, 40% of the senior investment team and investment committee are woman / non-binary. 
I believe that a similar fund should exist in the UK.”

Check Warner MBE
Check Warner MBE
Co-founding Partner, Ada Ventures

Industry Perspectives

“Despite clearly having a very long way to go, it’s possible that VC may be more progressive than other areas of the investment landscape and could potentially become a beacon for the industry more generally. In order to achieve this goal, however, it is essential that LPs challenge GPs to invest significantly more time in recruiting, developing and retaining diverse talent.”
Tilly Franklin

Tilly Franklin

CEO and Chief Investment Officer, University Of Cambridge
“A lot more still needs to be done to make sure the next generation of women entrepreneurs embrace the opportunities that lie ahead and take a major role in building the high growth businesses that will transform all of our lives over the next decade and beyond. This report highlights the role that Limited Partners can play in that and the importance of women at the most senior, and ownership levels of VC funds.”
Anne Boden

Anne Boden

Founder and Investor, Starling Bank
“Women manage only 9% of VC assets in Europe and yet every piece of research conducted in any part of the world confirms that diverse and mixed teams outperform on both financial returns and impact metrics. A major win is the number of diverse emerging managers coming to market, diversity is developing bottom up. In order to reach parity and open access to capital for all, we must accelerate the speed of change. Benefits are numerous: from products and services coming to market that address the needs of a broader population to tackling the world’s biggest challenges thanks to diverse experiences and viewpoints. European Women in VC is working hard to speed up reaching parity in VC asset management to build an open and inclusive society for all.”
Kinga Stanislawska

Kinga Stanislawska

Founder, European Women in VC
“The findings of this report are profound and highlight the need to tackle the gender imbalance in venture capital. Reducing inequality is at the core of our activity; through the use of our capital, building the social impact investment market and through our people.

We are committed to bringing greater transparency and building inclusive practices across our investment strategy, processes and portfolio management. We have taken steps towards this through collecting and publishing our portfolio data and developing tools such as a diversity and inclusion due diligence framework. But we know there is more we can do. This report brings to light new areas for us to consider and we are in the process of signing up to the Investing in Women Code.”
Stephen Muers

Stephen Muers

CEO, Better Society Capital
“As allocators of capital, we at Speedinvest understand our fiduciary responsibility to our LPs. We set up our MicroGP investment program to both fund the 'best and the brightest' emerging managers and to help change the current GP/LP landscape; making a commitment to invest 50% of our capital into woman and diverse emerging managers. Our MicroGP approach is no different than our direct investment strategy. We set very specific KPIs to ensure we are seeing and investing in the most promising woman & diverse talent.”
Deepali Nangia

Deepali Nangia

Partner, Speedinvest
“The gender disparity in venture investment is oft-discussed but rarely combatted head on. This report doesn’t shy away from the challenge. Improving the transparency of data is vital, while the Investing in Women LP code is also a critical tool. Ada’s report fires the starting gun on meaningful action to fund the underfunded, starting with where investment is coming from.”
Dom Hallas

Dom Hallas

Executive Director, The Startup Coalition

It’s time to shift the balance. Let’s lead the change.

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Women in UK VC report cover